spinach

Spinach is high in oxalates. Long-term heavy intake may promote calcium oxalate crystal formation, increasing urinary tract stone risk. For cats and dogs prone to oxalate stones, choose low-oxalate diets.

Other common names: dried spinach, spinach powder, 菠菜, 菠菜粉, 菠菜乾, ほうれん草, ほうれん草パウダー

Sources: ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, veterinary literature. For reference only, not medical advice. If poisoning is suspected, seek veterinary care immediately.